Review: Metabolit Sekunder pada Kelapa Sawit
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.35138/paspalum.v12i1.709Keywords:
oil palm, secondary metabolite, reviewAbstract
Oil palm is known as a plantation crop that produces vegetable oil which is widely used in human life. Palm oil is produced from fresh fruit bunches (FFB) which originate from female flowers. Another part of the oil palm plant that has not been widely utilized is the oil palm leaves. When these leaves have been pruned, they will become abundant garden waste. Apart from that, there are empty palm oil bunches (tankos) which are classified as factory waste. Further research is needed regarding the compound content, especially the secondary metabolite content of midrib and tankos so that their utilization is optimal. The aim of this review is to determine the content of secondary metabolite compounds in oil palm plants and the potential for wider use. The method used is collecting library data, reading, analyzing and writing it down. The data and references used are scientific articles in national and international journals, textbooks, literature reviews and other sources. Based on the review, information was obtained that oil palm leaves contain several secondary metabolite compounds, especially saponins and phenols, while tankos contains phenol compounds. The amount of secondary metabolite compound content is not yet known for certain and this could be an opportunity to conduct research to determine the content of secondary metabolite compounds, especially for oil palm plants.References
Acamovic, T. & Brooker, J.D. 2005. Biochemistry of Plant Secondary Metabolites and Their Effects in Animals. Proceeding of Nutrition Societ.y 64: 403-412.
Achmad, S., & Naingolan, M. 2019. Isolasi Golongan Senyawa Saponin dari Daun Kelapa Sawit (Elaeis guineensis Jacq) (Doctoral dissertation, Universitas Sumatera Utara).
Afandi, D., Basyuni, M., Putri, L. A. P., Chalil, D., Syahputra, I. 2019. Expression of Oil Palm (Elaeis guineensis) Polyisoprenoids in Response to Ganoderma boninense infection. Biodiversitas. 20(1): 68-76. https://doi.org/10.13057/biodiv/d200109
Ahadiyat, Y., Rostaman, R., & Fauzi, A. 2020. Pengaruh Aplikasi Asap Cair Tempurung Kelapa dan Pupuk NPK terhadap Hama dan Penyakit Pada Padi Gogo. Jurnal Penelitian Tanaman Pangan. 4(3): 153–160.
Akula, R., & Ravishankar, G. A. 2011. Influence of Abiotic Stress Signals on Secondary Metabolites in Plants. Plant Signal Behaviour. 6(11): 1720-31.
Alasalvar, C., Grigor, J. M., Zhang, D. L., Quantick, P. C., & Shahidi, F. 2001. Comparison of Volatiles, Phenolics, Sugars, Antioxidant Vitamins, and Sensory Quality of Different Colored Carrot Varieties. Journal of Agriculture and Food Chemistry. 49: 1410-1416.
Anggraito, Y. U., Susanti, R., Iswari, R. S., Yuniastuti, A., Lisdiana, W. H., Habibah, N. A., & Bintari, S. H. 2018. Metabolit Sekunder dari Tanaman: Aplikasi dan Produksi. Fakultas Matematika dan Ilmu pengetahuan Alam, Universitas Negeri Semarang (UNNES), Semarang.
Ani, A. S., Pujaningsih, R. I., & Widiyanto. 2015. Perlindungan Protein Menggunakan Tanin dan Saponin Terhadap Daya Fermentasi Rumen dan Sintesis Protein Mikrob. Jurnal Veteriner. 16(3): 439 - 447.
Austen, N., Walker, H. J., Lake, J. A., Phoenix, G. K., & Cameron, D. D. 2019. The Regulation of Plant Secondary Metabolism in Response to Abiotic Stress: Interactions Between Heat Shock and Elevated CO2. Frontiers in Plant Science, 10, 1463. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2019.01463
Ben-Ari, G., & Lavi, U. 2012. Marker-assistedselection in plant breeding. In Plant Biotechnology and Agriculture. 163–184. Elsevier. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-381466-1.00011-0
Bintoro, A., Ibrahim, A. M., & Situmeang, B. 2017. Analisis dan Identifikasi Senyawa Saponin dari Daun Bidara (Zhizipus Mauritania L.). Jurnal ITEKIMA. 2(1):84-94.
Botahala, L. 2020. Deteksi Dini Metabolit Sekunder pada Tanaman (Early Detection of Secondary Metabolites in Plants).
Bryant, J. P., Chapin, F. S. I., Klein, D. R. 1983. Carbon Nutrient Balance of Boreal Plants in Relation to Vertebrate Herbivory. Oikos. 40: 357-68.
Corley, R. H. V., Rao, V., Palat, T., & Praiwan, T. 2018. Breeding for Drought Tolerence in Oil Palm. Journal of Oil Palm Research. 30(1),26–35.
Dumanau, J. M., Caroline A.W., Poli, A. F., 2015. Penetapan Kadar saponin Pada Ekstrak Daun Lidah Mertua (Sansevieria varietas gravimetri. S. trifasciata Laurentii) Jurnal Ilmu Prain secara dan Teknologi Kesehatan. 2(2): 65-69.
Edreva, A., Velikova, V., Tsonev, T., Dagnon, S., Gürel, A. L., & Aktas, L. 2008. Stress-protective Role of Secondary Metabolites: Diversity of Functions and Mechanisms. Genetic Application of Plant Physiology. 34: 67-78.
Evans, W. C. 2002. Trease and Evans Pharmacognosy. 15th edtion. Edinburgh, Saunders
Fabio, G. D., Romanucci, V., Marco, A. D., & Zarrelli, A. 2014. Triterpenoids from Gymnema sylvestre and Their Pharmacological Activities. Molecules. 10956-10981.
Faisal, M., Gani, A., Mulana, F., Desvita, H., & Kamaruzzaman, S. 2020. Effects of Pyrolysis Temperature on the Composition of Liquid Smoke Derived from Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunches. Rasayan Journal of Chemistry. 13(1): 514–520. https://doi.org/10.31788/RJC.2020.1315507
Fenwick, G.R., Price, K. R., Tsukamoto, C., & Okubo, K. 1991. Saponins. In: Mello, F.J.P.D., Duffus, C.M., Duffus, J.H. (Eds.), Saponins in Toxic Substances in Crop Plants. The Royal Society of Chemistry, Cambridge
Garg, N., Abdel-Aziz, S.M., & Aeron, A. 2016. Microbes in Food and Health, Springer. Switzerland 42 - 45.
Hanin, N. N. F., & Pratiwi, R. 2017. Kandungan Fenolik, Flavonoid dan Aktivitas Antioksidan Ekstrak Daun Paku Laut (Acrostichum aureum L.) Fertil dan Steril. Journal Of Tropical Biodiversity and Biotechnology. 2 (1): 51- 56. https://doi.org/10.1093/treephys/tpv128
Imsya A. 2008. Konsentrasi N-amonia, Kecernaan Bahan Kering dan Kecernaan Bahan Organik Pelepah Sawit Hasil Amoniasi Secara In Vitro. Prodising. Seminar. Nasional Teknol. Peternak dan Vet. 111–115
Indrayani, Y., Oramahi, H. A., & Nurhaida. 2011. Evaluasi Asap Cair Sebagai Bio-Termitisida untuk Pengendalian Rayap Tanah Coptotermes sp. Jurnal Tengkawang, 1(2): 87–96.
Isha, A., Akanbi, F. S., Yusof, N. A., Osman, R., Mui- Yun, W., & Abdullah, S. N. A. 2019. An NMR Metabolomics Approach and Detection of Ganoderma boninense -Infected Oil PalmLeaves Using MWCNT-Based Electrochemical Sensor. Journal of Nanomaterials. 1–12. https://doi.org/10.1155/2019/4729706
Kabera, J.N., Semana, E., Mussa, A.R., and He, X. 2014. Plant Secondary Metabolites: Biosynthesis, Classification, Function and Pharmacological Properties. Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, 2, 377-392.
Kresnawaty, I., Permatasari, G. W., Widodo, W., & Santoso, D. 2023. Uji Aktivitas Antioksidan dan Biotransformasi Ekstrak Etanol dan Heksana Daun Kelapa Sawit untuk Suplemen Kesehatan. Jurnal Teknologi Industri Pertanian. 33(3): 207-215.
Langseth L. 2000. Antioxidants and Their Effect on Health. Schmidl, M. K., & Labuza, T.P. (Eds.). Essentials of Functional Foods. Aspen Publishers, Inc. Gaithersburg, Maryland.
Mahmud, Y., Dewi, K. A., & Oktari, R. D. 2023. Efektivitas Ekstrak Daun Kapuk Randu (Ceiba pentandra Grant) dalam Mortalitas Hama Ulat Api (Setora nitens Walk) Pada Tanaman Kelapa Sawit. Seminar Nasional Integrasi Pertanian Dan Peternakan. 1(1): 118–126. https://semnasfpp.uin-suska.ac.id/index.php/snipp
Mariska, I. 2013. Metabolit Sekunder: Jalur pembentukan dan Kegunaannya. Balai Besar Penelitian Bioteknologi dan Sumberdaya Genetik. Diakses dari http://biogen.litbang.pertanian.go.id/
Muta’ali, R. 2015. Pengaruh Ekstrak Daun Beluntas (Pluchea indica) terhadap Mortalitas dan Perkembangan Larva Spodoptera litura F (Doctoral dissertation, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember).
Ngginak, J., Mangibulude, Jubhar. C., & Rondonuwu, F. S. 2017. The Identification of Carotenoids and Testing of Carotenoid Antioxidants from Sand Lobster (Panulirus homarus) Egg Extract. ILMU KELAUTAN: Indonesian Journal of Marine Sciences.
Niinemets, Ü. 2015. Uncovering the Hidden Facets of Drought Stress: Secondary Metabolites Make the Difference. Tree Physiology, tpv128.
Nordin, N., Khan, H., & Ahsan, J. 2023. The Antibacterial Activity of Palm Oil (Elaeis guineensis) Leaf Extracts Against Staphylococcus aureus. Compendium of Oral Science. 10(1): 45–56. https://doi.org/10.24191/cos.v10i1.21622
Novitasari, A. E., & Dinda Z. P. 2016. Isolasi dan Identifikasi Saponin pada Ekstrak Daun Mahkota Dewa dengan Ekstraksi Maserasi. Jurnal Sains. 6 (12): 10-14.
Nuraeni, Y., Wida, D. 2021. Pemanfaatan Metabolit Sekunder Tumbuhan sebagai Pestisida Nabati pada Tanaman Hutan. Jurnal Galam. 2 (1): 1-15
Oktaviani, Z. P. And Haris, A. 2016. Sintesis Zno-Sio2 dan Aplikasinya pada Fotokatalis Degradasi Limbah Organik Fenol dan Penurunan Kadar Cd (II) secara Simultan. Journal Kimia Sains dan Aplikasi. 19(2): 45-49.
Pahan, I. (2012). Panduan Teknis Budidaya Kelapa Sawit. Penebar Swadaya Grup.
Shinoj, S. P. S. M., Kochubabu, R., Visvanathan. 2011. Oil Palm Fiber (OPF) and Its Composites: A review. ind. Crops Prod. 33 :7–22.
Sari, Y. P., Samharinto, & Langai, B. F. 2018. Penggunaan Asap Cair Tandan Kosong Kelapa Sawit (TKKS) Sebagai Pestisida Nabati untuk Mengendalikan Hama Perusak Daun Tanaman Sawi (Brassica juncea L.). EnviroScienteae. 14(3): 272–284.
Septiana, A. T., & Asnani, A. 2013. Aktivitas Antioksidan Ekstrak Rumput Laut Sargassum duplicatum. Jurnal Teknologi Pertanian. 14(2): 79-86.
Simamora, A. N., Wening, S. 2021. Kajian Metabolit Sebagai Pendukung Program Pemuliaan Kelapa Sawit. Warta PPKS 26(3): 162-177.
Suleman, I. F., Rieny S., Shindy, H. M., Wila R. N. 2022. Identifikasi Senyawa Saponin dan Antioksidan Ekstrak Daun Lamun (Thalassia hemprichii). Jambura Fish Processing Journal.4 (2): 94-102.
Suparjo. 2008. Saponin: Peran dan Pengaruhnya Bagi Ternak Dan Manusia. Fakultas Peternakan. Jambi. https://jajo66.files.wordpress.com/2008/06/saponin.pdf
Tahir, M., Muflihunna, A., & Syafrianti. 2017. Penentuan Kadar Fenolik Total Ekstrak Etanol Daun Nilam (Pogostemon cablin Benth.) dengan Metode Spektrofotometri UV-Vis. Jurnal Fitofarmaka Indonesia. 4(1): 215-218.
Taiz, L. & Zeiger, E. 2015. Plant Physiology. 6 th Ed. Massachusetts: Sinauer Associates, Inc. 545-582.
Yanuartono, H., Purnamaningsih, A., Nururrozi, & Indarjulianto, S. 2017. Saponin: Dampak terhadap Ternak (Ulasan). Jurnal Peternakan Sriwijaya. 6 (2): 79-90. ISSN 2303-1093
Zumaro, M., Rija’i, H. R., Narsa, A. C., Sulistiarini, R., & Helmi, H. 2021. Aktivitas Antioksidan Ekstrak Etanol Daun Kelapa Sawit (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.). In Proceeding of Mulawarman Pharmaceuticals Conferences. 14:125-128.
Achmad, S., & Naingolan, M. 2019. Isolasi Golongan Senyawa Saponin dari Daun Kelapa Sawit (Elaeis guineensis Jacq) (Doctoral dissertation, Universitas Sumatera Utara).
Afandi, D., Basyuni, M., Putri, L. A. P., Chalil, D., Syahputra, I. 2019. Expression of Oil Palm (Elaeis guineensis) Polyisoprenoids in Response to Ganoderma boninense infection. Biodiversitas. 20(1): 68-76. https://doi.org/10.13057/biodiv/d200109
Ahadiyat, Y., Rostaman, R., & Fauzi, A. 2020. Pengaruh Aplikasi Asap Cair Tempurung Kelapa dan Pupuk NPK terhadap Hama dan Penyakit Pada Padi Gogo. Jurnal Penelitian Tanaman Pangan. 4(3): 153–160.
Akula, R., & Ravishankar, G. A. 2011. Influence of Abiotic Stress Signals on Secondary Metabolites in Plants. Plant Signal Behaviour. 6(11): 1720-31.
Alasalvar, C., Grigor, J. M., Zhang, D. L., Quantick, P. C., & Shahidi, F. 2001. Comparison of Volatiles, Phenolics, Sugars, Antioxidant Vitamins, and Sensory Quality of Different Colored Carrot Varieties. Journal of Agriculture and Food Chemistry. 49: 1410-1416.
Anggraito, Y. U., Susanti, R., Iswari, R. S., Yuniastuti, A., Lisdiana, W. H., Habibah, N. A., & Bintari, S. H. 2018. Metabolit Sekunder dari Tanaman: Aplikasi dan Produksi. Fakultas Matematika dan Ilmu pengetahuan Alam, Universitas Negeri Semarang (UNNES), Semarang.
Ani, A. S., Pujaningsih, R. I., & Widiyanto. 2015. Perlindungan Protein Menggunakan Tanin dan Saponin Terhadap Daya Fermentasi Rumen dan Sintesis Protein Mikrob. Jurnal Veteriner. 16(3): 439 - 447.
Austen, N., Walker, H. J., Lake, J. A., Phoenix, G. K., & Cameron, D. D. 2019. The Regulation of Plant Secondary Metabolism in Response to Abiotic Stress: Interactions Between Heat Shock and Elevated CO2. Frontiers in Plant Science, 10, 1463. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2019.01463
Ben-Ari, G., & Lavi, U. 2012. Marker-assistedselection in plant breeding. In Plant Biotechnology and Agriculture. 163–184. Elsevier. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-381466-1.00011-0
Bintoro, A., Ibrahim, A. M., & Situmeang, B. 2017. Analisis dan Identifikasi Senyawa Saponin dari Daun Bidara (Zhizipus Mauritania L.). Jurnal ITEKIMA. 2(1):84-94.
Botahala, L. 2020. Deteksi Dini Metabolit Sekunder pada Tanaman (Early Detection of Secondary Metabolites in Plants).
Bryant, J. P., Chapin, F. S. I., Klein, D. R. 1983. Carbon Nutrient Balance of Boreal Plants in Relation to Vertebrate Herbivory. Oikos. 40: 357-68.
Corley, R. H. V., Rao, V., Palat, T., & Praiwan, T. 2018. Breeding for Drought Tolerence in Oil Palm. Journal of Oil Palm Research. 30(1),26–35.
Dumanau, J. M., Caroline A.W., Poli, A. F., 2015. Penetapan Kadar saponin Pada Ekstrak Daun Lidah Mertua (Sansevieria varietas gravimetri. S. trifasciata Laurentii) Jurnal Ilmu Prain secara dan Teknologi Kesehatan. 2(2): 65-69.
Edreva, A., Velikova, V., Tsonev, T., Dagnon, S., Gürel, A. L., & Aktas, L. 2008. Stress-protective Role of Secondary Metabolites: Diversity of Functions and Mechanisms. Genetic Application of Plant Physiology. 34: 67-78.
Evans, W. C. 2002. Trease and Evans Pharmacognosy. 15th edtion. Edinburgh, Saunders
Fabio, G. D., Romanucci, V., Marco, A. D., & Zarrelli, A. 2014. Triterpenoids from Gymnema sylvestre and Their Pharmacological Activities. Molecules. 10956-10981.
Faisal, M., Gani, A., Mulana, F., Desvita, H., & Kamaruzzaman, S. 2020. Effects of Pyrolysis Temperature on the Composition of Liquid Smoke Derived from Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunches. Rasayan Journal of Chemistry. 13(1): 514–520. https://doi.org/10.31788/RJC.2020.1315507
Fenwick, G.R., Price, K. R., Tsukamoto, C., & Okubo, K. 1991. Saponins. In: Mello, F.J.P.D., Duffus, C.M., Duffus, J.H. (Eds.), Saponins in Toxic Substances in Crop Plants. The Royal Society of Chemistry, Cambridge
Garg, N., Abdel-Aziz, S.M., & Aeron, A. 2016. Microbes in Food and Health, Springer. Switzerland 42 - 45.
Hanin, N. N. F., & Pratiwi, R. 2017. Kandungan Fenolik, Flavonoid dan Aktivitas Antioksidan Ekstrak Daun Paku Laut (Acrostichum aureum L.) Fertil dan Steril. Journal Of Tropical Biodiversity and Biotechnology. 2 (1): 51- 56. https://doi.org/10.1093/treephys/tpv128
Imsya A. 2008. Konsentrasi N-amonia, Kecernaan Bahan Kering dan Kecernaan Bahan Organik Pelepah Sawit Hasil Amoniasi Secara In Vitro. Prodising. Seminar. Nasional Teknol. Peternak dan Vet. 111–115
Indrayani, Y., Oramahi, H. A., & Nurhaida. 2011. Evaluasi Asap Cair Sebagai Bio-Termitisida untuk Pengendalian Rayap Tanah Coptotermes sp. Jurnal Tengkawang, 1(2): 87–96.
Isha, A., Akanbi, F. S., Yusof, N. A., Osman, R., Mui- Yun, W., & Abdullah, S. N. A. 2019. An NMR Metabolomics Approach and Detection of Ganoderma boninense -Infected Oil PalmLeaves Using MWCNT-Based Electrochemical Sensor. Journal of Nanomaterials. 1–12. https://doi.org/10.1155/2019/4729706
Kabera, J.N., Semana, E., Mussa, A.R., and He, X. 2014. Plant Secondary Metabolites: Biosynthesis, Classification, Function and Pharmacological Properties. Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, 2, 377-392.
Kresnawaty, I., Permatasari, G. W., Widodo, W., & Santoso, D. 2023. Uji Aktivitas Antioksidan dan Biotransformasi Ekstrak Etanol dan Heksana Daun Kelapa Sawit untuk Suplemen Kesehatan. Jurnal Teknologi Industri Pertanian. 33(3): 207-215.
Langseth L. 2000. Antioxidants and Their Effect on Health. Schmidl, M. K., & Labuza, T.P. (Eds.). Essentials of Functional Foods. Aspen Publishers, Inc. Gaithersburg, Maryland.
Mahmud, Y., Dewi, K. A., & Oktari, R. D. 2023. Efektivitas Ekstrak Daun Kapuk Randu (Ceiba pentandra Grant) dalam Mortalitas Hama Ulat Api (Setora nitens Walk) Pada Tanaman Kelapa Sawit. Seminar Nasional Integrasi Pertanian Dan Peternakan. 1(1): 118–126. https://semnasfpp.uin-suska.ac.id/index.php/snipp
Mariska, I. 2013. Metabolit Sekunder: Jalur pembentukan dan Kegunaannya. Balai Besar Penelitian Bioteknologi dan Sumberdaya Genetik. Diakses dari http://biogen.litbang.pertanian.go.id/
Muta’ali, R. 2015. Pengaruh Ekstrak Daun Beluntas (Pluchea indica) terhadap Mortalitas dan Perkembangan Larva Spodoptera litura F (Doctoral dissertation, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember).
Ngginak, J., Mangibulude, Jubhar. C., & Rondonuwu, F. S. 2017. The Identification of Carotenoids and Testing of Carotenoid Antioxidants from Sand Lobster (Panulirus homarus) Egg Extract. ILMU KELAUTAN: Indonesian Journal of Marine Sciences.
Niinemets, Ü. 2015. Uncovering the Hidden Facets of Drought Stress: Secondary Metabolites Make the Difference. Tree Physiology, tpv128.
Nordin, N., Khan, H., & Ahsan, J. 2023. The Antibacterial Activity of Palm Oil (Elaeis guineensis) Leaf Extracts Against Staphylococcus aureus. Compendium of Oral Science. 10(1): 45–56. https://doi.org/10.24191/cos.v10i1.21622
Novitasari, A. E., & Dinda Z. P. 2016. Isolasi dan Identifikasi Saponin pada Ekstrak Daun Mahkota Dewa dengan Ekstraksi Maserasi. Jurnal Sains. 6 (12): 10-14.
Nuraeni, Y., Wida, D. 2021. Pemanfaatan Metabolit Sekunder Tumbuhan sebagai Pestisida Nabati pada Tanaman Hutan. Jurnal Galam. 2 (1): 1-15
Oktaviani, Z. P. And Haris, A. 2016. Sintesis Zno-Sio2 dan Aplikasinya pada Fotokatalis Degradasi Limbah Organik Fenol dan Penurunan Kadar Cd (II) secara Simultan. Journal Kimia Sains dan Aplikasi. 19(2): 45-49.
Pahan, I. (2012). Panduan Teknis Budidaya Kelapa Sawit. Penebar Swadaya Grup.
Shinoj, S. P. S. M., Kochubabu, R., Visvanathan. 2011. Oil Palm Fiber (OPF) and Its Composites: A review. ind. Crops Prod. 33 :7–22.
Sari, Y. P., Samharinto, & Langai, B. F. 2018. Penggunaan Asap Cair Tandan Kosong Kelapa Sawit (TKKS) Sebagai Pestisida Nabati untuk Mengendalikan Hama Perusak Daun Tanaman Sawi (Brassica juncea L.). EnviroScienteae. 14(3): 272–284.
Septiana, A. T., & Asnani, A. 2013. Aktivitas Antioksidan Ekstrak Rumput Laut Sargassum duplicatum. Jurnal Teknologi Pertanian. 14(2): 79-86.
Simamora, A. N., Wening, S. 2021. Kajian Metabolit Sebagai Pendukung Program Pemuliaan Kelapa Sawit. Warta PPKS 26(3): 162-177.
Suleman, I. F., Rieny S., Shindy, H. M., Wila R. N. 2022. Identifikasi Senyawa Saponin dan Antioksidan Ekstrak Daun Lamun (Thalassia hemprichii). Jambura Fish Processing Journal.4 (2): 94-102.
Suparjo. 2008. Saponin: Peran dan Pengaruhnya Bagi Ternak Dan Manusia. Fakultas Peternakan. Jambi. https://jajo66.files.wordpress.com/2008/06/saponin.pdf
Tahir, M., Muflihunna, A., & Syafrianti. 2017. Penentuan Kadar Fenolik Total Ekstrak Etanol Daun Nilam (Pogostemon cablin Benth.) dengan Metode Spektrofotometri UV-Vis. Jurnal Fitofarmaka Indonesia. 4(1): 215-218.
Taiz, L. & Zeiger, E. 2015. Plant Physiology. 6 th Ed. Massachusetts: Sinauer Associates, Inc. 545-582.
Yanuartono, H., Purnamaningsih, A., Nururrozi, & Indarjulianto, S. 2017. Saponin: Dampak terhadap Ternak (Ulasan). Jurnal Peternakan Sriwijaya. 6 (2): 79-90. ISSN 2303-1093
Zumaro, M., Rija’i, H. R., Narsa, A. C., Sulistiarini, R., & Helmi, H. 2021. Aktivitas Antioksidan Ekstrak Etanol Daun Kelapa Sawit (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.). In Proceeding of Mulawarman Pharmaceuticals Conferences. 14:125-128.
Downloads
Published
2024-04-02
How to Cite
Ariyanti, M., Farida, F., & Umiyati, U. (2024). Review: Metabolit Sekunder pada Kelapa Sawit. Paspalum: Jurnal Ilmiah Pertanian, 12(1), 207-215. https://doi.org/10.35138/paspalum.v12i1.709
Issue
Section
Articles
License
Copyright (c) 2024 Mira - Ariyanti
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Authors who publish articles in this journal agree to the following terms:
- Authors retain copyright of the article and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a CC-BY or The Creative Commons Attribution– License.
- Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgment of its initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work (See The Effect of Open Access).
