KERAGAMAN GENETIK MONYET EKOR PANJANG (Macaca fascicularis) BERDASARKAN D-LOOP MTDNA DI KAWASAN HUTAN KOTA NYARU MENTENG, PALANGKA RAYA

Abstract

The long-tailed macaque (Macaca fascicularis) is not classified as a protected species under Regulation No. P.20/MENLHK/SETJEN/KUM.1/6/2018. However, according to the IUCN, it is categorized as an endangered species due to pressures such as hunting. In the Nyaru Menteng Urban Forest, the presence of M. fascicularis populations has led to increasing conflict with local residents, largely driven by reduced natural food availability. Studies on the M. fascicularis population in Nyaru Menteng have not explored genetic variation at the molecular level. This study aimed to examine the genetic diversity of the population using the mtDNA D-loop marker. Samples were obtained non-invasively through fecal collection. Molecular analyses involved DNA extraction, amplification, and electrophoresis, followed by sequencing and analysis using MEGA 7. The results, based on four individuals (MF1–MF4), showed DNA concentrations ranging from 23.3 to 40.5 ng/µL with fragment sizes of approximately 1200 base pairs. Three distinct haplotypes were identified among the samples, with genetic distances ranging from 0.00 to 0.14. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that the Nyaru Menteng macaques clustered with populations from Peninsular Malaysia (Clade 1), while forming a separate group from other Bornean populations (Clade 2). This research show that genetic diversity is low between population because very rapid population growth of the group and there is an indication of inbreeding. Furthermore, requires population maintenance management by separating the number of groups so as not to exceed the available feed capacity.