ANALISIS KARAKTERISTIK KAPASITAS MASYARAKAT DALAM PENGELOLAAN HUTAN LINDUNG GUNUNG GEULIS KABUPATEN SUMEDANG JAWA BARAT-INDONESIA
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.35138/wanamukti.v27i1.710Keywords:
kapasitas masyarakat, kerjasama, pengelolaan hutan berbasis masyarakatAbstract
Community-based forest management or social forestry approach has been implemented to increase community involvement in forestry development. Community capacity to collaborate is needed to realize sustainable community-based forest management. The object of research is to determine the community capacity characteristics and the factors that influence community capacity in developing forest management cooperation. The method of research by survey methods with purposive sampling was 60 respondents. The community capacity characteristics were analyzed using the factor analysis method. The research results found that the community capacity characteristics can be grouped into 2 (two), namely: individual level and group or community level. The individual level is described by 16 variables. The new knowledge about the level of grouping which describes the existence of levels or ladders of community capacity characteristics starting from the lowest variable is sense of community to the highest variable, namely social capital. The results of statistical tests on the community capacity characteristics show that the level of community capacity in collaborating is low category. The results of this research confirm one of the community capacity characteristic variables that has a strong influence namely social capital. Therefore, cooperative behavior in managing MGPF needs to be increased by developing community capacity through strengthening social capital.
Keywords: community capacity, cooperation, community-based forest management.
References
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Aref, F., Redzuan, M., & Gill, S.S. (2010). Community Capacity Building: A Review of its Implication in Tourism Development. Journal of American Science, 6(1): 172.
Beckley, T., Parkins, J., & Stedman, R. (2002). Indicators of forest-dependent community sustainability: The evolution of research. The Forestry Chronicle, 78(5): 626-636.
Berman, R., Quinn, C., & Paavola, J. (2012). The Role of Institutions in the Transformation of Coping Capacity to Sustainable Adaptive Capacity. Environmental Development, 2:86–100.
Bizikova, L., Nijnik, M., & Oravska, T.K. (2012). Sustaining Multifunctional Forestry Through the Developing of Social Capital and Promoting Participation: A Case of Multiethnic Mountain Communities. Small-scale Forestry, 11:301–319.
Black, A., & Hughes, P. (2001). The identification and analysis of indicators of community strength and outcomes. Occasional Paper No. 3 Edith Cowan University. A report to the Department of Family and Community Services February 2001. Canberra Mail Centre ACT 2610.
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Boal JG. (2006). Social Recognition: a Top Down View of Cephalopod Behavior. Vie et Milieu. Life & Environment, 56(2):69–79.
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Borrett, S.R., & Patten, B.C. (2003). Structure of pathways in ecological networks: relationships between length and number. Ecological Modelling, 170: 173–184.
Borrini-Feyerabend, G., Pimbert, M., Farvar, M. T., Kothari A., & Renard, Y. (2004). Sharing Power. Learning by doing in co-management of natural resources throughout the world. IIED and IUCN/ CEESP/ CMWG, Cenesta, Tehran.
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De Groot, R.S., Wilson, M.A., & Boumans, R.M.J. (2002). A Typology for The Classification, Description And Valuation of Ecosistem Functions, Goods And Services. Ecol.Econ., 41: 393–408.
Djajanti, D., & Perhutani, P. (2006). Managing forest with community (MFWC) in Central Java: Promoting equity in access to NTFPs. Hanging in the balance: Equity in community-based natural resource management in Asia, 63-82.
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Kellert, S.; Mehta, J., Ebbin, S., & Litchtenfeld, L. (2000). Community Natural Resource Management: Promise, Rhetoric and Reality. Society and Natural Resources, 13:705â€715.
Krott, M., Bader, A., Schusser C., Devkota, R., Maryudi, A., Giessen, L., & Aurenhammer, H. (2013). Actor-centred Power: The Driving Force in Decentralised Community Based Forest Governance. Forest Policy and Economics xxx xxx–xxx. ORPOL-01038; (1-9).
Labonte, R., & Laverack, G. (2001). Capacity Building In Health Promotion, Part 1: For Whom? And For What Purpose?’Critical Public Health, 11(2): 111-127.
Lai, Q. (2003). Community participation in the management of nature reserves: Experiences and lessons from China. Unasylva, 54: 51-57.
Laverack, G. (2005). Public Health: Power, Empowerment and Professional Practice. Hampshire: Palgrave Macmillan.
Ledogar, R.J. & Fleming, J. (2008). Social Capital and Resilience. Pimatisiwin: Journal of Aboriginal and Indigenous Community Health, 6(2): 25-46.
Maryudi, A. (2011). The Contesting Aspirations in the Forests: Actors, Interests and Power in Community Forestry in Java, Indonesia. Universitätsverlag Göttingen.
Maryudi, A., & Krott, M. (2012). Poverty Alleviation Efforts through a Community Forestry Sistem in Java, Indonesia. Journal of Sustainable Development, 5 (2).
MacLellan-Wright, M. F., Anderson D., Barber, S., Smith N., Cantin B., Felix, R., & Raine K. (2007). The development of measures of community capacity for community-based funding programs in Canada. Health Promotion International. doi: 10.1093/heapro/dam024.
Merino, S.S. & Carmenado, I.D.L.R. (2012). Capacity building in development projects. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 46: 960–967.
Miller, D., & Shamsie, J. (1996). The Resource-based View of the Firm in Two Environments: The Hollywood Films Studios from 1936-1965. Academy of Management Review, 23:242-266.
Mohamad, N.H., Kesavan, P., Razzaq, A.R.A., Hamzah, A., dan Khalifah, Z. (2013). Capacity building: Enabling learning in rural community through partnership. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 93:1845 – 1849. doi: 10.1016/j.sbspro.2013.10.128.
Moscardo, G. (Ed.). (2008). Building community capacity for tourism development. Australia. CABI Publishing. ISBN: 9781845934477. p208.
Movuh, M.C., Yufanyi & Schusser, C. (2012). Power, the Hidden Factor in Development Cooperation. An Example of Community Forestry in Cameroon. Open Journal of Forestry, 2(4): 240-251.
Nunkoo, R. (2012). Power, Trust, Social Exchange and Community Support. Annals of Tourism Research, 39 (2): 997–1023.
Ostrom, E., & Ahn, T.K. (2003). Introduction to “Foundations of Social Capitalâ€. Cheltenham, U.K. Edward Elgar Publishing Limited.
Park, S.E., Marshall, N.A., Jakku, E., Dowdd, A.M., Howden S.M., E., Mendham, & Fleming, A. (2012). Informing adaptation responses to climate change through theories of transformation. Global Environmental Change, 22: 115–126. doi:10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2011.10.003.
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Pearce, D., Putz, F.E., & Vanclay, J.K. (2003). Sustainable Forestry in The Tropics: Panacea or Folly? Forest Ecol. Manage., 172: 229–247.
Pujo, Tubagus Furqon Sofhani, Budhi Gunawan, and Tati Suryati Syamsudin. 2018. Community Capacity Building in Social Forestry Development: A Review. Journal of Regional and City Planning, 29 (2): 113-126. TB Journal Publisher.
Pujo Hutomo, Tubagus Furqon Sofhani, Budhi Gunawan and Tati Suryati Syamsudin. 2018. Collaborative Behavior Network on Management of Mount Geulis Protected Forest at Sumedang Regency, West Java Province, Indonesia. Journal of Sustainability Science and Management, 13 (2): 85-102. Penerbit UMT
Purwita, T., Harianto, Sinaga, B.M. & Kartodihardjo, H. (2009). Household Economic Analysis: Case Study of Community-Based Forest Management At Pangalengan, South Bandung). Journal of Forestry Economic and Social Research, 6 (1): 53-68.
Schusser, C. (2012). Who Determines Biodiversity? An Analysis of Actors’ Power and Interests in Community Forestry in Namibia. Forest Policy and Economics, 36: 42–51 doi:10.1016/j.forpol.2012.06.005.
School of Life Sciences and Technology ITB. (2012). The results of the Forest Development Plan Study of Education. Bandung Institute of Technology. Bandung.
Smith, B. (2006). WHO Health Promotion Glossary: new terms. Health Promotion. Int. 21(4): 340–345.
Supranto, J. (2004). Multivariat Analysis: meaning and interpretaton. Jakarta: Rieka Cipta.
Suwanbamrung, C., Dumpan, A., Thammapalo, S., Sumrongtong, R. & Phedkeang, P. (2011). A model of community capacity building for sustainable dengue problem solution in Southern Thailand. Health Journal, 3(9): 584 – 601.
Taylor, P.L. (2012). Multiple forest activities, multiple purpose organizations: Organizing for complexity in a grassroots movement in Guatemala’s Petén. Forest Ecology and Management, 268: 29–38.
Wallerstein, N.B., & Duran, B. (2006). Using community-based participatory research to address health disparities. Health Promotion Practice, 7: 312-323.
West, S.A., Mouden, C.E., & Gardner, A. (2011). Sixteen common misconceptions about the evolution of cooperation in humans. Evolution and Human Behavior, 32: 231–262.
Wollenberg,E., Iwan, R., Limberg, G. & Moeliono, M. (2008). Locating Social Choice in Forest Comanagement and Local Governance: The Politics of Public Decision Making and Interests. T. Sikor (Ed.): Public and Private in Natural Resource Governance: A False Dichotomy? London: Earthscan Research Editions.
Akahoshi, W.B., & Binotto, E. (2016). Cooperatives and social capital: the Copasul case, Mato Grosso do Sul state Cooperativas e capital social: caso da Copasul,Mato Grosso do Sul. Gest. Prod., São Carlos, 23 (1): 104-117.
Ardhana, I.P.G., (2016). Impact rate of Biodiversity Loss Against Deforestation in Indonesia. Journal Metamorphosa III (2): 120-129.
Aref, F., Redzuan, M., & Gill, S.S. (2010). Community Capacity Building: A Review of its Implication in Tourism Development. Journal of American Science, 6(1): 172.
Beckley, T., Parkins, J., & Stedman, R. (2002). Indicators of forest-dependent community sustainability: The evolution of research. The Forestry Chronicle, 78(5): 626-636.
Berman, R., Quinn, C., & Paavola, J. (2012). The Role of Institutions in the Transformation of Coping Capacity to Sustainable Adaptive Capacity. Environmental Development, 2:86–100.
Bizikova, L., Nijnik, M., & Oravska, T.K. (2012). Sustaining Multifunctional Forestry Through the Developing of Social Capital and Promoting Participation: A Case of Multiethnic Mountain Communities. Small-scale Forestry, 11:301–319.
Black, A., & Hughes, P. (2001). The identification and analysis of indicators of community strength and outcomes. Occasional Paper No. 3 Edith Cowan University. A report to the Department of Family and Community Services February 2001. Canberra Mail Centre ACT 2610.
Blau, M.P. 1964. Exchange and Power in Social Life. New York: Wiley and Sons, p88.
Boal JG. (2006). Social Recognition: a Top Down View of Cephalopod Behavior. Vie et Milieu. Life & Environment, 56(2):69–79.
Bopp, M., Germann, K., Bopp, Baugh, J., Littlejohns, L., & Smith, N. (2000). Assessing Community Capacity for Change. Red Deer, Alberta: David Thompson Health Region and Four Worlds Centre for Development Learning.
Borrett, S.R., & Patten, B.C. (2003). Structure of pathways in ecological networks: relationships between length and number. Ecological Modelling, 170: 173–184.
Borrini-Feyerabend, G., Pimbert, M., Farvar, M. T., Kothari A., & Renard, Y. (2004). Sharing Power. Learning by doing in co-management of natural resources throughout the world. IIED and IUCN/ CEESP/ CMWG, Cenesta, Tehran.
Bott, A. L., Grabowski, S., & Wearing, S. (2011). Stakeholder Collaboration in a Prospective World Heritage Area: The case of Kokoda and the Owen Stanley Ranges. Cosmopolitan Civil Societies Journal, 3 (2): 35.
Brooks, K.J.L. (2006). Rural Resilience and Prosperity: The relevance of government and community networks. A thesis submitted for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Sociology, The Australian National University.
Bush, R., Dower, J., & Mutch, A. (2002). Community Capacity Index, Version 2. University of Queensland, Centre for Primary Health Care.
Chaskin, R.J. (2001). Building community capacity: a definitional framework and case studies from a comprehensive community initiative. Urban Aff Rev Thousand Oaks Calif., 36: 291–323.
De Groot, R.S., Wilson, M.A., & Boumans, R.M.J. (2002). A Typology for The Classification, Description And Valuation of Ecosistem Functions, Goods And Services. Ecol.Econ., 41: 393–408.
Djajanti, D., & Perhutani, P. (2006). Managing forest with community (MFWC) in Central Java: Promoting equity in access to NTFPs. Hanging in the balance: Equity in community-based natural resource management in Asia, 63-82.
Dove. M. R. (1995). The Theory of Social Forestry Intervention: The State of The Art in Asia. Sistem on Environment. Agroforestry Sistems, 30: 315-340.
Emerson, R.M. (1962). Power-dependence Relations. American Sociology Review, 36: 692-703.
Fay, D. (2007). Mutual gains and distributive ideologies in South Africa: theorizing negotiations between communities and protected areas. Human Ecology, 35 (1), 81–95.
Forstner, K. (2004). Community ventures and access to markets: the role of intermediaries in marketing rural tourism products. Development Policy Review, 22(5), 497-514
Fukuyama, F. (1999). The Great Disruption. New York: Simon and Schuster.
Goodman, R., Speers, M., Mcleroy, K., Fawcett, S., Kegler, M., & Parker, E. (1998). Identifying and defining the dimensions of community capacity to provide a base for measurement. Health Education & Behavior, 25(3), 258-278.
Gunawan, H., & Anwar, C. (2008). Water quality and content of Mercury (Hg) in fish in ponds Pond Ditch in Section Forest Management Unit Ciasem-Pamanukan, Forest Management Unit Purwakarta, Subang regency, West Java. (Research and Development Center for Forest and Nature Conservation). J. Pen. HTN and KA, 5 (1): 1-10.
Higgins, E., & McCorkle, P. (2006). The Development of a Rural Community Capacity Index – Based on Cornelia Flora's Community Capital Framework. In Presented at the Community Development Society Annual Conference. Louisiana Tech University Center for Rural Development, St. Louis, MO.
Kellert, S.; Mehta, J., Ebbin, S., & Litchtenfeld, L. (2000). Community Natural Resource Management: Promise, Rhetoric and Reality. Society and Natural Resources, 13:705â€715.
Krott, M., Bader, A., Schusser C., Devkota, R., Maryudi, A., Giessen, L., & Aurenhammer, H. (2013). Actor-centred Power: The Driving Force in Decentralised Community Based Forest Governance. Forest Policy and Economics xxx xxx–xxx. ORPOL-01038; (1-9).
Labonte, R., & Laverack, G. (2001). Capacity Building In Health Promotion, Part 1: For Whom? And For What Purpose?’Critical Public Health, 11(2): 111-127.
Lai, Q. (2003). Community participation in the management of nature reserves: Experiences and lessons from China. Unasylva, 54: 51-57.
Laverack, G. (2005). Public Health: Power, Empowerment and Professional Practice. Hampshire: Palgrave Macmillan.
Ledogar, R.J. & Fleming, J. (2008). Social Capital and Resilience. Pimatisiwin: Journal of Aboriginal and Indigenous Community Health, 6(2): 25-46.
Maryudi, A. (2011). The Contesting Aspirations in the Forests: Actors, Interests and Power in Community Forestry in Java, Indonesia. Universitätsverlag Göttingen.
Maryudi, A., & Krott, M. (2012). Poverty Alleviation Efforts through a Community Forestry Sistem in Java, Indonesia. Journal of Sustainable Development, 5 (2).
MacLellan-Wright, M. F., Anderson D., Barber, S., Smith N., Cantin B., Felix, R., & Raine K. (2007). The development of measures of community capacity for community-based funding programs in Canada. Health Promotion International. doi: 10.1093/heapro/dam024.
Merino, S.S. & Carmenado, I.D.L.R. (2012). Capacity building in development projects. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 46: 960–967.
Miller, D., & Shamsie, J. (1996). The Resource-based View of the Firm in Two Environments: The Hollywood Films Studios from 1936-1965. Academy of Management Review, 23:242-266.
Mohamad, N.H., Kesavan, P., Razzaq, A.R.A., Hamzah, A., dan Khalifah, Z. (2013). Capacity building: Enabling learning in rural community through partnership. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 93:1845 – 1849. doi: 10.1016/j.sbspro.2013.10.128.
Moscardo, G. (Ed.). (2008). Building community capacity for tourism development. Australia. CABI Publishing. ISBN: 9781845934477. p208.
Movuh, M.C., Yufanyi & Schusser, C. (2012). Power, the Hidden Factor in Development Cooperation. An Example of Community Forestry in Cameroon. Open Journal of Forestry, 2(4): 240-251.
Nunkoo, R. (2012). Power, Trust, Social Exchange and Community Support. Annals of Tourism Research, 39 (2): 997–1023.
Ostrom, E., & Ahn, T.K. (2003). Introduction to “Foundations of Social Capitalâ€. Cheltenham, U.K. Edward Elgar Publishing Limited.
Park, S.E., Marshall, N.A., Jakku, E., Dowdd, A.M., Howden S.M., E., Mendham, & Fleming, A. (2012). Informing adaptation responses to climate change through theories of transformation. Global Environmental Change, 22: 115–126. doi:10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2011.10.003.
Pasquaretta, C., Leve´, M., Re, N.C.`, Waal, E.V.D., Whiten, A., Macintosh A.J. J., Pele´, M., Bergstrom, M.L., Borgeaud, C.L., Brosnan, S.F., Crofoot, M.C., Fedigan, L.M., Fichtel, C., Hopper, L.M., Mareno, M.C., Petit, O., Schnoell, A.V., Sorrentino, E.P.D., Thierry, B., Tiddi, B. & Sueur, C. (2014). Social Networks In Primates: Smart And Tolerant Species Have More Efficient Networks. Scientific Reports, 4: 7600.
Pearce, D., Putz, F.E., & Vanclay, J.K. (2003). Sustainable Forestry in The Tropics: Panacea or Folly? Forest Ecol. Manage., 172: 229–247.
Pujo, Tubagus Furqon Sofhani, Budhi Gunawan, and Tati Suryati Syamsudin. 2018. Community Capacity Building in Social Forestry Development: A Review. Journal of Regional and City Planning, 29 (2): 113-126. TB Journal Publisher.
Pujo Hutomo, Tubagus Furqon Sofhani, Budhi Gunawan and Tati Suryati Syamsudin. 2018. Collaborative Behavior Network on Management of Mount Geulis Protected Forest at Sumedang Regency, West Java Province, Indonesia. Journal of Sustainability Science and Management, 13 (2): 85-102. Penerbit UMT
Purwita, T., Harianto, Sinaga, B.M. & Kartodihardjo, H. (2009). Household Economic Analysis: Case Study of Community-Based Forest Management At Pangalengan, South Bandung). Journal of Forestry Economic and Social Research, 6 (1): 53-68.
Schusser, C. (2012). Who Determines Biodiversity? An Analysis of Actors’ Power and Interests in Community Forestry in Namibia. Forest Policy and Economics, 36: 42–51 doi:10.1016/j.forpol.2012.06.005.
School of Life Sciences and Technology ITB. (2012). The results of the Forest Development Plan Study of Education. Bandung Institute of Technology. Bandung.
Smith, B. (2006). WHO Health Promotion Glossary: new terms. Health Promotion. Int. 21(4): 340–345.
Supranto, J. (2004). Multivariat Analysis: meaning and interpretaton. Jakarta: Rieka Cipta.
Suwanbamrung, C., Dumpan, A., Thammapalo, S., Sumrongtong, R. & Phedkeang, P. (2011). A model of community capacity building for sustainable dengue problem solution in Southern Thailand. Health Journal, 3(9): 584 – 601.
Taylor, P.L. (2012). Multiple forest activities, multiple purpose organizations: Organizing for complexity in a grassroots movement in Guatemala’s Petén. Forest Ecology and Management, 268: 29–38.
Wallerstein, N.B., & Duran, B. (2006). Using community-based participatory research to address health disparities. Health Promotion Practice, 7: 312-323.
West, S.A., Mouden, C.E., & Gardner, A. (2011). Sixteen common misconceptions about the evolution of cooperation in humans. Evolution and Human Behavior, 32: 231–262.
Wollenberg,E., Iwan, R., Limberg, G. & Moeliono, M. (2008). Locating Social Choice in Forest Comanagement and Local Governance: The Politics of Public Decision Making and Interests. T. Sikor (Ed.): Public and Private in Natural Resource Governance: A False Dichotomy? London: Earthscan Research Editions.
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